Abu Galum Protected Area

Location: North east of south Sinai, near by the Gulf of Aqaba
Area: 500 km2
Type: Wildlife Reserve
Year of establishment: 1992
Objective: Protection of the Coral reefs and Mangroves.

The Beach at Abu Galum

Geographical aspects:
It is among the most picturesque Protected areas in Egypt. Its spectacular granite mountains ending abruptly on a narrow coastal plain, fronted by rich coral reefs. The area also encloses narrow sinuous valleys, fresh water springs, coastal sand dunes, gravel alluvial fans, raised fossil reefs and low-lying semi sabkha.

High altitude deserts and wadies: The South Sinai reserves in general and Abu Galum in particular, contains varied ecosystems and habitat types. Management of these areas is based on the premise that all contained habitats are linked by physical and biological processes.  High altitude deserts and connecting wadi systems form catchment's watersheds, providing fresh water to habitats at lower elevations. The highlands provide for a multitude of micro-habitats supporting flora and fauna that are well adapted to this environment.

During infrequent winter rains, flash floods will wash through wadis transporting seeds and organic materials to lowland areas. Gravels and sands are also transported. These will be deposited in downstream areas often establishing new areas for plant growth.  Small, shaded indentations on hillsides will retain water for extended periods and serve as water reservoirs for local fauna. When water and forage is scarce these animals move to lowland areas

 Flora:
It houses 167 plant species, 44 of these species are seen only in this area. It is a floristic frontier falling under the influence of a tropical climate but having predominantly Mediterranean conditions.

Fauna: 
Abu Galum contains the largest number of Nubian Ibex, Hyrax, Red Fox and Striped Hyena. Ten species of lizards and snakes have been identified in the area where three of them are very dangerous namely the Black Cobra, the Horned Viper and Burrton's Carpet Viper. Fringe reef is near the coast.

The Abu Galum Protected Area is managed to ensure that its natural resources are safeguarded from all destructive activities. As a result, diving sites and shore access points are being prepared, nature trails through mountain areas have been identified, the area is being kept clean, Bedouin fishing activities are regulated, and a visitor center is under construction.